Background Cigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor for bladder cancer. The
effects of smoking duration, intensity (cigarettes per day), and total exposure (pack-years); …

Context Previous studies indicate that the population attributable risk (PAR) of bladder
cancer for tobacco smoking is 50% to 65% in men and 20% to 30% in women and that …

Active cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for bladder cancer. Secondhand exposure to
cigarette smoke may also contribute to bladder carcinogenesis. The authors conducted a …

With the use of data from the 8,764 subjects in the National Bladder Cancer Study, the
separate contribution of various aspects of a person's cigarette smoking history to his …

The primary risk factor for bladder cancer is cigarette smoking. Using a combined analysis of
11 case‐control studies, we have accurately measured the relationship between cigarette …

Objective A recent study suggested that risk of bladder cancer may be higher in women than
in men who smoked comparable amounts of cigarettes. We pooled primary data from 14 …

We examined the effects of dose, type of tobacco, cessation, inhalation, and environmental
tobacco smoke exposure on bladder cancer risk among 1,219 patients with newly …

Background: Smoking is a major risk factor for bladder cancer (BC). This meta-analysis
updates previous reviews on smoking characteristics and BC risk, and provides a more …

PURPOSE: Cigarette smoking is a well established risk factor for bladder cancer. We
characterize the changing impact of this exposure throughout the course of bladder cancer …

Background: Using a combined analysis of 11 case–control studies from Europe, we have
investigated the relationship between cigarette smoking and bladder cancer in women …