Abstract Purpose of Review The increasing prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors
(CRFs) contributes to the rise in cardiovascular disease. Previous research has established …

Numerous epidemiological studies report consistent associations between exposure to
urban air pollution and cardio-respiratory morbidity and mortality. One of the important …

1Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,
2Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands, 3National …

Air pollution has been one of the significant risks to human health. Various studies indicate
that ambient particulate matter in air pollution is most strongly allied to increased morbidity …

Air pollution is a global health challenge, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases such
as heart disease, stroke, and arrhythmias. Particulate matter (PM), particularly PM2. 5 and …

CONCLUSIONS: Environmental air pollution is associated with increased risk of
cardiovascular diseases. Environmental pollution exerts its detrimental effects on the heart …

Outdoor and indoor air pollution poses a significant cardiovascular risk, and has been
associated with atherosclerosis, the main underlying pathology in many cardiovascular …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has no socioeconomic, topographical, or sex limitations as
reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). The significant drivers of CVD are cardio …

Air pollution has a great impact on health, representing one of the leading causes of death
worldwide. Previous experimental and epidemiological studies suggested the role of …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Over the past 50 years, there has been a substantial decline in the incidence of CVD and …