As one increases the concentration of a colloidal suspension, the system exhibits a dramatic
increase in viscosity. Beyond a certain concentration, the system is said to be a colloidal …

A MIXTURE of two dissimilar species (A and B) may freeze to form a substitutionally ordered
crystal, the structure of which can vary from a lattice with only a few atoms per unit cell to a …

All liquids (except helium owing to quantum effects) crystallize at low temperatures, forming
ordered structures. The competition between disorder, which stabilizes the liquid phase, and …

The conventional understanding of the glass transition is that the transition from glass to
liquid appears as a dynamic process in which atoms or molecules relax cooperatively into …

When a liquid is cooled below its melting temperature, it usually crystallizes. However, if the
quenching rate is fast enough, the system may remain in a disordered state, progressively …

Glasses formed from nano-and microparticles form a fascinating testing ground to explore
and understand the origins of vitrification. For atomic and molecular glasses, a wide range of …

THE study of fracture is an old topic1, but only recently has an understanding begun to
emerge of crack formation, propagation and morphology (which is often fractal) 2–8. When a …

The formation of glasses is normal for substances that remain liquid over a wide temperature
range (the 'good glassformers') and can be induced for most liquids if cooling is fast enough …

When a spatially uniform temperature change is imposed on a solid with more than one
phase, or on a polycrystal of a single, non-cubic phase (showing anisotropic expansion …

Three-dimensional ordered colloidal systems with lattice constants comparable to the
wavelength of visible light might find important application as photonic crystals, optic filters …