A group of type I transmembrane proteins, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) discriminate various
microorganism-associated molecular structures that can function as immune adjuvants …

Culture of small resting allogeneic B cells (of an irrelevant haplotype) with two clones of T
helper (Th) cells that were activated by the F23. 1 anti‐T cell receptor antibody led to the …

One of the most controversial questions in immunology is the molecular basis by which Th
lymphocytes deliver activating signals to quiescent B lymphocytes during T cell-dependent …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been shown to participate in the recognition of pathogens by
the innate immune system, but it is not clear how a restricted family of receptors has the …

Activation of B cells to proliferation and antibody secretion is dependent on soluble
lymphokines secreted by activated T cells. Activation of T cells results from physical contact …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their ligands have emerged as important regulators of
immunity, relevant to a wide range of effector responses from vaccination to autoimmunity …

It has been assumed that physical interaction between B cells and helper T cells in the
presence of specific antigen is an early and essential step in the physiologic antibody …

A bias to either cell‐mediated or antibody‐mediated effector mechanisms is induced in an
immune response against a pathogen, if activated T helper cells (Th) predominantly express …

Many exciting advances in our understanding of T cell mediated immunity to bacterial
infection have occurred in the past several years. T cell responses have been more fully …

BACKGROUND: Transmembrane activator, calcium modulator, and cyclophilin ligand
interactor (TACI) expression on B cells is upregulated by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 …