Activation of the immune system and derangement of cardiorespiratory neural control are
established elements of the complex pathophysiology of chronic heart failure (CHF). The …

Several lines of evidence support a role of immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of
chronic heart failure (CHF). Proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1,− 2,− 6, and tumor …

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome affecting roughly 26 million people
worldwide. Increased sympathetic drive is a hallmark of HF and is associated with disease …

Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome in which there are characteristic signs and
symptoms (eg oedema, breathlessness, fatigue) resulting from an underlying abnormality of …

Chronic heart failure (CHF) represents a major public health burden, and its prognosis is
comparable to that of different malignant diseases. Our understanding of CHF has …

Chronic heart failure is a complex disorder with interactions among the cardiovascular,
immune, and neurohormonal systems. The concept that the progression of heart failure is …

Chronic heart failure is no longer a mere cardiac entity, but involves several, initially
adaptive and later detrimental, neurohumoral compensatory mechanisms. Peripheral …

Body wasting, ie, cardiac cachexia, is a complication of chronic heart failure (CHF). The
authors have suggested that cardiac cachexia should be diagnosed when nonedematous …

Abstract Purpose of Review With the intention to summarize the currently available evidence
on the pathophysiological relevance of inflammation in heart failure, this review addresses …

Elevated levels of circulating pro‐inflammatory biomarkers in patients with both ischaemic
and non‐ischaemic heart failure (HF) correlate with disease severity and prognosis …