Iron is an essential micronutrient for a myriad of physiological processes in the body beyond
erythropoiesis. Iron deficiency (ID) is a common comorbidity in patients with heart failure …

Iron deficiency is an extremely common comorbidity in patients with heart failure, affecting
up to 50% of all ambulatory patients. It is associated with reduced exercise capacity and …

In patients with heart failure, iron deficiency is frequent but overlooked, with a prevalence of
30%–50%. Since it contributes to cardiac and peripheral muscle dysfunction, iron deficiency …

Iron deficiency is a major heart failure co‐morbidity present in about 50% of patients with
stable heart failure irrespective of the left ventricular function. Along with compromise of daily …

Heart failure (HF) is highlighted by its burdening symptom-limited exercise capacity and
recurrent hospitalizations. Despite substantial advances regarding disease-modifying drugs …

Iron deficiency (ID) is one of the most frequent comorbidities in patients with heart failure
(HF). ID is estimated to be present in up to 50% of outpatients and is a strong independent …

Iron is a micronutrient essential for cellular energy and metabolism, necessary for
maintaining body homoeostasis. Iron deficiency is an important co-morbidity in patients with …

Iron metabolism is a balancing act, and biological systems have evolved exquisite
regulatory mechanisms to maintain iron homeostasis. Iron metabolism disorders are …

Aims Beyond erythropoiesis, iron is involved in numerous biological processes crucial for
maintenance of homeostasis. Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) are prone to develop …

Anemia and iron deficiency are common in patients with heart failure (HF), and are
associated with worse symptoms and adverse outcomes in this population. Although the two …