Purpose Although the beneficial effects of estrogen use on cardiovascular and cognitive
function in postmenopausal women have been recently discredited, controversy remains …

Aging is associated with a loss of sex hormone in both men (andropause) and women
(menopause). In men, reductions in testosterone can trigger declines in muscle mass, bone …

Male skeletal muscles are generally faster and have higher maximum power output than
female muscles. Conversely, during repeated contractions, female muscles are generally …

Sex steroids, commonly referred to as sex hormones, are integral to the development and
maintenance of the human reproductive system. In addition, male (androgens) and female …

Loss of bone and muscle with advancing age represent a huge threat to loss of
independence in later life. Osteoporosis represents a major public health problem through …

Muscle forces are a strong determinant of bone structure, particularly during the process of
growth and development. The gender divergence in the bone‐muscle relationship becomes …

Aging is associated with a progressive decline of muscle mass, strength, and quality, a
condition described as sarcopenia of aging. Despite the significance of skeletal muscle …

Skeletal muscle contractility and myosin function decline following ovariectomy in mature
female mice. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that estradiol replacement can …

Bone and muscle are required for mobility but they also have endocrine and metabolic
functions. In ageing as well as in many chronic diseases, bone loss and muscle atrophy …

Skeletal muscle abnormalities are responsible for significant disability in the elderly.
Sarcopenia is the main alteration occurring during senescence and a key public health …