The efficient conversion of chemical energy into mechanical work by specialized biological
nanomachines enables a wide range of functions in nature, ranging from intracellular …

A molecular motor “lawnmower” made from trypsin enzymes attached to a polystyrene-
based bead moves in a directed manner by breaking chemical bonds in a lawn of peptides …

Myosin–actin and kinesin–microtubule linear protein motor systems and their application in
hybrid nanodevices are reviewed. Research during the past several decades has provided …

Conspectus Molecular machines are an important and emerging frontier in research
encompassing interdisciplinary subjects of chemistry, physics, biology, and nanotechnology …

A key capability of molecular motors is sustainable force generation by a single motor copy.
Direct force characterization at the single-motor level is still missing for artificial molecular …

Biological molecular motors (or biomolecular motors for short) are nature's solution to the
efficient conversion of chemical energy to mechanical movement. In biological systems …

Molecular shuttles have been built from motor proteins capable of moving cargo along
engineered paths. We illustrate alternative methods of controlling the direction of motion of …

Biomolecular motor are proteins that, central to their natural function, produce or consume
mechanical energy. Working in concert, motor proteins can exert forces exceeding …

Conspectus Biomolecular motors, such as the motor protein kinesin, can be used as off-the-
shelf components to power hybrid nanosystems. These hybrid systems combine elements …

Efforts to use protein molecular motors as nanoactuators are making rapid progress. For
instance, it is now possible to carry out directional transport of small cargo along microtracks …