This study was designed to determine the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) in overcoming the
cardiac over-loading and cardiac fibrosis in rats. E2 (100 ng/kg) or oil was applied in female …

Previous studies have shown that female offspring are resistant to fetal stress-induced
programming of ischemic-sensitive phenotype in the heart; however, the mechanisms …

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women in the Western world and is
predominant among the elderly. A large body of evidence suggests that hormonal signaling …

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a cardioprotective class of proteins induced by stress and
regulated by the transcription factor, heat shock factor (HSF)-1. 17β-estradiol (E2) indirectly …

After menopause, the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is due not only to
estrogen decline but also to androgen decline. This study examined the effects of either …

The study was designed to investigate the effect of progesterone and its gender based
variation on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Adult Sprague Dawley rats …

Steroid hormones such as aldosterone and estrogens have been increasingly appreciated
as important physiological and pathophysiological regulators of cardiovascular functions …

Aims Estrogen plays an important role in cardioprotection. Animal experiments showed that
the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 30 (GPR30) specific agonist G1 could reduce post …

Even though cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for men and women, the
vast majority of animal studies use male animals. Because female reproductive hormones …

For years, females were thought of as smaller men with complex hormonal cycles; as a
result, females have been largely excluded from preclinical and clinical research. However …