Introduction Symptom association is important to distinguish non-erosive reflux disease
[NERD; abnormal oesophageal acid exposure time (AET) and/or positive symptom …

Background By analysis of symptom‐reflux association, endoscopy‐negative refractory
heartburn can be related to acid/non‐acid refluxes with impedance‐pH monitoring …

INTRODUCTION: Functional heartburn is defined by Rome III criteria as an endoscopy-
negative condition with normal oesophageal acid exposure time, negative symptom …

Introduction: Functional dyspepsia and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) are prevalent
gastrointestinal conditions with accumulating evidence regarding an overlap between the …

Heartburn is the most specific symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In
clinical practice, heartburn relief by a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) trial does suffice to confirm …

Nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) is a common condition and the most frequent phenotype
of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). NERD is extremely heterogeneous and …

Background & Aims Mucosal integrity can be assessed in patients with gastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD) by measuring intraluminal baseline impedance (BI). However, it is …

Background Hypersensitive esophagus (HE) is defined by endoscopy-negative heartburn
with a normal acid exposure time but positive symptom association probability (SAP) and/or …

Background Although the role of acid reflux in causing atypical GERD symptoms is generally
accepted, the role, if any, of nonacid reflux is controversial, largely because until recently it …

Background & Aims: Twenty-four–hour multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH (MII-
pH) esophageal monitoring detects reflux episodes at all pH levels, including acid reflux and …