Boyden (1965) and Michael (1969) began their reviews on natural antibodies by stating,
respectively, that “Although a great deal has been written about the antibodies present in …

Since Burnet first introduced his “forbidden clones” theory, the discrimination between self
and non-self and the physiologic mechanisms of avoiding autoimmunity remained an …

According to Burnet's clonal selection theory,'in the early 1960s, explanations for tolerance
and autoimmunity were attractively simple. Autoreactive lymphocytes were deleted during …

The human mind easily accepts all that seems logical and rational to it and, on this basis, a
concept can be developed which, even if proven to be totally or partially false at a later date …

A serum pool from 800 healthy donors and individual samples from three healthy donors
were passed through tubulin, actin, thyroglobulin, myoglobin, fetuin, transferrin albumin …

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the subject of natural antibodies by analyzing the
experimental data that demonstrate their existence and characteristics in both invertebrates …

Historically, the first observations of immunological phenomena concerned protection
against infectious agents. Since that time and despite the discovery of anaphylaxis (the …

The serum of normal vertebrates contains variable but always considerable amounts of
immunoglobulins (Ig)[l], In contrast with situations of natural or artificial immunizations …

A general review of this subject was made for this series by Dixon (1) in 1958, and Holman
(2) subsequently covered the more specialized topic of systemic lupus erythematosus …

It is easy to appreciate the fact that some of the earliest studies on autoantibodies in human
disease began with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which has been considered a …