Many modern pharmaceutical and biological products, eg blood derivatives, vaccines,
cytostatic drugs, antibiotics, bacteria cultures but also consumer goods such as soluble …

Freeze-drying is an important preservation technique for heat-sensitive pharmaceuticals and
foods. Products are first frozen, then dried in a vacuum at low temperature by sublimation …

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the present practices in freeze-drying and
discusses the fundamentals of freeze-drying and the application of freeze-drying to the …

Vacuum freeze-drying of biological materials is one of the best methods of water removal,
with final products of highest quality. The solid state of water during freeze-drying protects …

This book originally appeared as an article in CRC Critical Reviews in Food Technology
(1970) l (3) 379 and is intended as a general review of the freeze-drying of foods with …

The book is divided into 3 sections. Part I-General principles, contains chapters entitled
Introduction (pp. 3-15); Classical theory of sublimation (pp. 16-51); Heat transfer (pp. 52-93); …

This chapter provides an up-to-date overview of freeze-drying (lyophilization) with
particulars relevance to stabilizing live cells or viruses for industrial applications as vaccines …

Abstract Design of freeze-drying processes is often approached with a “trial and error”
experimental plan or, worse yet, the protocol used in the first laboratory run is adopted …

Page 1 Felix Franks in association with Tony Auffret Freeze-drying of Pharmaceuticals and
Biopharmaceuticals Principles and Practice Freeze-drying of Pharmaceuticals and + E=mc² …

Freeze-drying is a method of removing water by sublimation of ice crystals from frozen
material. Suitable parameters of process application allow us to obtain best quality products …