By employing transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in combination with high-density
electroencephalography (EEG), we recently reported that cortical effective connectivity is …

The neuronal connectivity patterns that differentiate consciousness from unconsciousness
remain unclear. Previous studies have demonstrated that effective connectivity, as assessed …

We recorded the electroencephalographic (EEG) responses evoked by transcranial
magnetic stimulation (TMS) during the first rapid eye movement (REM) sleep episode of the …

Leading neuroscientific theories posit a central role for the functional integration of cortical
areas in conscious states. Considerable evidence supporting this hypothesis is based on …

Consciousness is reduced during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep due to changes in
brain function that are still poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that impaired …

Abstract Study Objectives: To determine whether thalamocortical signaling between the
thalamus and the neocortex decreases from wakefulness to nonrapid eye movement …

We normally assess another individual's level of consciousness based on her or his ability to
interact with the surrounding environment and communicate. Usually, if we observe …

When subjects become unconscious, there is a characteristic change in the way the cerebral
cortex responds to perturbations, as can be assessed using transcranial magnetic …

Background Consciousness is supported by integrated brain activity across widespread
functionally segregated networks. The functional magnetic resonance imaging–derived …

Two aspects of the low frequency fluctuations of spontaneous brain activity have been
proposed which reflect the complex and dynamic features of resting-state activity, namely …