Despite recent efforts to curtail greenhouse gas emissions, current global emission
trajectories are still following the business‐as‐usual representative concentration pathway …

Coral reefs are found in a wide range of environments, where they provide food and habitat
to a large range of organisms as well as providing many other ecological goods and …

Global change driven by anthropogenic carbon emissions is altering ecosystems at
unprecedented rates, especially coral reefs, whose symbiosis with algal symbionts is …

Mass coral bleaching events caused by elevated seawater temperatures result in extensive
coral loss throughout the tropics, and are projected to increase in frequency and severity. If …

Ocean warming has caused coral mass bleaching and mortality worldwide and the
persistence of symbiotic reef‐building corals requires rapid acclimation or adaptation …

Ocean warming is causing global coral bleaching events to increase in frequency, resulting
in widespread coral mortality and disrupting the function of coral reef ecosystems. However …

Organisms that accumulate calcium carbonate structures are particularly vulnerable to
ocean warming (OW) and ocean acidification (OA), potentially reducing the socioeconomic …

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is expected to exceed 500 parts per million and
global temperatures to rise by at least 2° C by 2050 to 2100, values that significantly exceed …

As atmospheric levels of CO2 increase, reef-building corals are under greater stress from
both increased sea surface temperatures and declining sea water pH. To date, most studies …

Coral reefs have among the most valuable ecosystem services per unit area and are most
vulnerable of all ecosystems on the planet. The sudden outbreak of mass coral reef …