Human imaging studies examining fear conditioning have mainly focused on the neural
responses to conditioned cues. In contrast, the neural basis of the unconditioned response …

Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have characterized brain
systems involved in conditional response acquisition during Pavlovian fear conditioning …

Lesion studies in animals have identified a critical role of the hippocampus in context fear
conditioning. To extend these findings to human volunteers, we used functional magnetic …

Contextual fear conditioning studies in animals and humans found an involvement of the
hippocampus and amygdala during fear learning. To exclude a focus on elements of the …

Functional imaging studies of cued fear conditioning in humans have mostly confirmed
findings in animals, but it is unclear whether the brain mechanisms that underlie contextual …

The specific brain regions and circuits involved in the acquisition and expression of
contextual fear conditioning are still a matter of debate. To address this issue, regional …

The current model of fear conditioning suggests that it is mediated through modules
involving the amygdala (AMY), hippocampus (HIP), and frontal lobe (FL). We now test the …

Although laboratory animal studies have shown that the amygdala plays multiple roles in
conditional fear, less is known about the human amygdala. Human subjects were trained in …

Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies with human subjects have
explored the neural substrates involved in forming associations in Pavlovian fear …

Pavlovian fear conditioning is often used in combination with functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) in humans to investigate the neural substrates of associative learning 1-5. In …