Background Cell cycle G2 arrest induced by HIV-1 Vpr is thought to benefit viral proliferation
by providing an optimized cellular environment for viral replication and by skipping host …

Human immunodeficiency virus–1 (HIV-1) Vpr expression halts the proliferation of human
cells at or near the G2cell-cycle checkpoint. The transition from G2 to mitosis is normally …

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encodes a gene product, Vpr, which causes
infected cells to arrest or delay in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. The arrest in G2 is …

Damaged DNA binding protein 1, DDB1, bridges an estimated 90 or more WD40 repeats
(DDB1-binding WD40, or DWD proteins) to the CUL4-ROC1 catalytic core to constitute a …

Eukaryotic cells have evolved a complex mechanism for sensing DNA damage during
genome replication. Activation of this pathway prevents entry into mitosis to allow for either …

Progression of cells from G2 phase of the cell cycle to mitosis is a tightly regulated cellular
process that requires activation of the Cdc2 kinase, which determines onset of mitosis in all …

The Vpr accessory protein of HIV-1 induces a response similar to that of DNA damage. In
cells expressing Vpr, the DNA damage sensing kinase, ATR, is activated, resulting in G2 …

The Vpr accessory gene product of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 and simian
immunodeficiency virus is believed to play a role in permitting entry of the viral core into the …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr is an accessory protein that induces G 2/M cell
cycle arrest. It is well documented that interaction of Vpr with the Cul4-DDB1 [VprBP] E3 …

The HIV-1 accessory protein viral protein R (Vpr) causes G2 arrest and apoptosis in infected
cells. We previously identified the DNA damage–signaling protein ATR as the cellular factor …