As online platforms become central to our democracies, the problem of toxic content
threatens the free flow of information and the enjoyment of fundamental rights. But effective …

As digital platforms have become more integral to not just how we live, but also to how we
do politics, the rules governing online expression, behavior, and interaction created by large …

Online intermediaries have become a focal point of content moderation. They may enable or
disable access by removing or blocking controversial content, or by terminating users' …

The governance of online platforms has unfolded across three eras–the era of Rights (which
stretched from the early 1990s to about 2010), the era of Public Health (from 2010 through …

Practical challenges in regulating online content derive from the internet as a global network
of networks, the blurring of boundaries in a digital age between public and private …

Abstract" Dirt" and" toxicity" have become established ways of understanding and describing
harmful content online. While the concepts have becoming naturalised as a way of …

Abstract Systems of online content moderation governance are becoming some of the most
elaborate and extensive bureaucracies in history, and they are deeply imperfect and need …

The fear that a single actor can decide what can or cannot be said in large parts of the online
public sphere has led to growing calls for measures to promote competition between digital …

This paper examines the complex issue of harmful but legal content (HBLC) moderation on
the internet, focusing on the contentious nature of specific content categories regulation and …

Content moderation is not only an Internet governance problem; it is also, unavoidably, a
form of de facto adjudication. Online platforms make determinations that affect individual …