Kynurenines: Tryptophan's metabolites in exercise, inflammation, and mental health
BACKGROUND The essential amino acid tryptophan is a substrate for the generation of
several bioactive compounds with important physiological roles. Only a small fraction of …
several bioactive compounds with important physiological roles. Only a small fraction of …
[HTML][HTML] The kynurenine connection: How exercise shifts muscle tryptophan metabolism and affects energy homeostasis, the immune system, and the brain
Tryptophan catabolism through the kynurenine pathway generates a variety of bioactive
metabolites. Physical exercise can modulate kynurenine pathway metabolism in skeletal …
metabolites. Physical exercise can modulate kynurenine pathway metabolism in skeletal …
Kynurenine pathway metabolites in humans: disease and healthy states
Y Chen, GJ Guillemin - International journal of tryptophan …, 2009 - journals.sagepub.com
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that can be metabolised through different pathways, a
major route being the kynurenine pathway. The first enzyme of the pathway, indoleamine-2 …
major route being the kynurenine pathway. The first enzyme of the pathway, indoleamine-2 …
Microorganisms, tryptophan metabolism, and kynurenine pathway: a complex interconnected loop influencing human health status
M Dehhaghi… - International journal …, 2019 - journals.sagepub.com
The kynurenine pathway is important in cellular energy generation and limiting cellular
ageing as it degrades about 90% of dietary tryptophan into the essential co-factor NAD+ …
ageing as it degrades about 90% of dietary tryptophan into the essential co-factor NAD+ …
The kynurenine pathway and the brain: Challenges, controversies and promises
R Schwarcz, TW Stone - Neuropharmacology, 2017 - Elsevier
Research on the neurobiology of the kynurenine pathway has suffered years of relative
obscurity because tryptophan degradation, and its involvement in both physiology and major …
obscurity because tryptophan degradation, and its involvement in both physiology and major …
A review of the health benefits of food enriched with kynurenic acid
M Turska, P Paluszkiewicz, WA Turski… - Nutrients, 2022 - mdpi.com
Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a metabolite of tryptophan, is an endogenous substance produced
intracellularly by various human cells. In addition, KYNA can be synthesized by the gut …
intracellularly by various human cells. In addition, KYNA can be synthesized by the gut …
Kynurenines in the mammalian brain: when physiology meets pathology
R Schwarcz, JP Bruno, PJ Muchowski… - Nature Reviews …, 2012 - nature.com
The essential amino acid tryptophan is not only a precursor of serotonin but is also
degraded to several other neuroactive compounds, including kynurenic acid, 3 …
degraded to several other neuroactive compounds, including kynurenic acid, 3 …
Kynurenine pathway in diabetes mellitus—novel pharmacological target?
K Kozieł, EM Urbanska - Cells, 2023 - mdpi.com
The tryptophan–kynurenine pathway (Trp–KYN) is the major route for tryptophan conversion
in the brain and in the periphery. Kynurenines display a wide range of biological actions …
in the brain and in the periphery. Kynurenines display a wide range of biological actions …
Tryptophan availability for kynurenine pathway metabolism across the life span: control mechanisms and focus on aging, exercise, diet and nutritional supplements
AAB Badawy - Neuropharmacology, 2017 - Elsevier
Tryptophan (Trp) availability for the kynurenine pathway (KP) across the life span is
discussed. Free (non-albumin-bound) plasma Trp is the major determinant of the flux of Trp …
discussed. Free (non-albumin-bound) plasma Trp is the major determinant of the flux of Trp …
Kynurenine pathway metabolism and the microbiota-gut-brain axis
It has become increasingly clear that the gut microbiota influences not only gastrointestinal
physiology but also central nervous system (CNS) function by modulating signalling …
physiology but also central nervous system (CNS) function by modulating signalling …