Highlights•A high-quality T. dichotomus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastini) genome has
been assembled.•RNAi screening using RNA-seq analysis has revealed several genes …

Abstract The Japanese rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus is a giant beetle with
distinctive exaggerated horns present on the head and prothoracic regions of the male. T …

Beetle horns are attractive models for studying the evolution of novel traits, as they display
diverse shapes, sizes, and numbers among closely related species within the family …

Beetles are the largest insect order and one of the most successful animal groups in terms of
number of species. The Japanese rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus (Coleoptera …

Many scarab beetles have sexually dimorphic exaggerated horns that are an evolutionary
novelty. Since the shape, number, size, and location of horns are highly diverged within …

The origin of the evolutionary new trait (evolutionary novelty) and its subsequent evolution is
of great interest for biologists in various fields, and beetle horns have been used to address …

Scarab beetles exhibit an astonishing variety of rigid exo-skeletal outgrowths, known as
“horns”. These traits are often sexually dimorphic and vary dramatically across species in …

Hornets are the largest of the social wasps, and are important regulators of insect
populations in their native ranges. Hornets are also very successful as invasive species, with …

Many scarab beetles produce rigid projections from the body called horns. The exaggerated
sizes of these structures and the staggering diversity of their forms have impressed …

Background The origin of novel traits and their subsequent diversification represent central
themes in evo-devo and evolutionary ecology. Here we explore the genetic and genomic …