The integration of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs is fundamental to neuronal
processing. In the mammalian auditory brainstem, neurons compare excitatory and …

Feedforward inhibition sharpens the precision of neurons throughout ascending auditory
pathways, including the binaural neurons of the medial superior olive (MSO). However, the …

Low-frequency sound localization depends on the neural computation of interaural time
differences (ITD) and relies on neurons in the auditory brain stem that integrate synaptic …

Precise timing of synaptic inputs is a fundamental principle of neural circuit processing. The
temporal precision of postsynaptic input integration is known to vary with the computational …

Neurons in the medial superior olive process sound-localization cues via binaural
coincidence detection, in which excitatory synaptic inputs from each ear are segregated onto …

The acoustic environment contains biologically relevant information on timescales from
microseconds to tens of seconds. The auditory brainstem nuclei process this temporal …

Cortical sensory processing is modulated by behavioral and cognitive states. How this
modulation is achieved by changing synaptic circuits remains largely unknown. In awake …

A key function of the auditory system is to provide reliable information about the location of
sound sources. Here, we describe how sound location is represented by synaptic input …

In vivo voltage clamp recordings have provided new insights into the synaptic mechanisms
that underlie processing in the primary auditory cortex. Of particular importance are the …

Locomotion generates adventitious sounds which enable detection and localization of
predators and prey. Such sounds contain brisk changes or transients in amplitude. We …