Cognitive and mental health are major determinants of quality of life, allowing integration
into society at all ages. Human epidemiological and animal studies indicate that in addition …

Fetal placental macrophages and microglia (resident brain macrophages) have a common
origin in the fetal yolk sac. Yolk-sac-derived macrophages comprise the permanent pool of …

Through intimate communications with the mother, the fetus receives information that is
integrated into its neurodevelopmental program to prepare for life after birth. Because the …

Abstract The Social Determinants of Health, a set of social factors including socioeconomic
status, community context, and neighborhood safety among others, are well-known …

Background Maternal exposure to adversity during pregnancy has been found to affect
infant brain development; however, the specific effect of prenatal crime exposure on …

Dynamic macrostructural and microstructural changes take place from the mid-fetal stage to
2 years after birth. Delineating structural changes of the brain during early development …

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major complication of human pregnancy, frequently
resulting from placental vascular diseases and prenatal malnutrition, and is associated with …

Child sleep disorders are increasingly prevalent and understanding early predictors of sleep
problems, starting in utero, may meaningfully guide future prevention efforts. Here, we …

Early human brain development constitutes a sequence of intricate processes resulting in
the ontogeny of functionally operative neural circuits. Developmental trajectories of early …

Prenatal maternal distress—an umbrella concept encompassing multiple negative
psychological states including stress, anxiety, and depression—is a substantial prenatal …