Air pollution is an urgent concern linked to numerous health problems in low-and middle-
income countries, where 92% of air pollution-related deaths occur. Particulate matter 2.5 …

Obesity is a growing worldwide health problem, affecting many people due to excessive
saturated fat consumption, lack of exercise, or a sedentary lifestyle. Leptin is an adipokine …

Obesity is associated with numerous adverse neural effects, including reduced
neurogenesis, cognitive impairment, and increased risks for developing Alzheimer disease …

A previous study demonstrated that a high-fat diet (HFD), administered for one-three-days,
induces hypothalamic inflammation before obesity's established, and the long term affects …

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and insulin resistance are age‐related
conditions and increased prevalence is of public concern. Recent research has provided …

Adipocyte-derived leptin is a pleiotropic hormone implicated in control of lipid storage and
mobilization, bone homeostasis, immune function and neuronal plasticity. Leptin has been …

The rising prevalence of obesity presents a world-wide challenge as it is associated with
numerous comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and …

Background Microglia are closely linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) many years ago;
however, the pathological mechanisms of AD remain unclear. The purpose of this study was …

Neurodegeneration refers to the gradual deterioration of neuron structure and function and
can lead to debilitating neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) …

Aging, a natural physiological process, is characterized by a progressive loss of
physiological integrity. Loss of cellular homeostasis in the aging process results from …