Importin β family transport receptors shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and
mediate transport of macromolecules through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). The …

A concentration gradient of the GTP-bound form of the GTPase Ran across nuclear pores is
essential for the transport of many proteins and nucleic acids between the nuclear and …

The importin‐alpha/beta heterodimer and the GTPase Ran play key roles in nuclear protein
import. Importin binds the nuclear localization signal (NLS). Translocation of the resulting …

Active transport of macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm requires signals for
import and export and their recognition by shuttling receptors. Each class of macromolecule …

Nuclear protein import proceeds through the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Importin‐β
mediates translocation via direct interaction with NPC components and carries importin‐α …

Abstract The GTPase Ran is essential for nuclear import of proteins with a classical nuclear
localization signal (NLS). Ran's nucleotide‐bound state is determined by the chromatin …

Macromolecules enter or leave the nucleus by using nuclear localization signals (NLS), or
nuclear export signals (NES), respectively. Different types of NLS and NES are recognized …

The low cytoplasmic and high nuclear concentration of the GTP-bound form of Ran provides
directionality for both nuclear protein import and export. Both import and export factors bind …

Previous work has shown that the transport of some small protein cargoes through the
nuclear pore complex (NPC) can occur in vitro in the absence of nucleoside triphosphate …

Active transport between nucleus and cytoplasm proceeds through nuclear pore complexes
(NPCs) and is mediated largely by shuttling transport receptors that use direct RanGTP …