Filamentous microorganisms, such as fungi and oomycetes, secrete an arsenal of effector
proteins that modulate plant innate immunity and enable parasitic infection. Deciphering the …

The ability to secrete effector proteins that can enter plant cells and manipulate host
processes is a key determinant of what makes a successful plant pathogen. Here, we review …

Research on effectors secreted by pathogens during host attack has dominated the field of
molecular plant–microbe interactions over recent years. Functional analysis of type III …

Fungi and oomycetes are filamentous microorganisms that include a diversity of highly
developed pathogens of plants. These are sophisticated modulators of plant processes that …

Pathogenic fungi have diverse growth lifestyles that support fungal colonization on plants.
Successful colonization and infection for all lifestyles depends upon the ability to modify …

Filamentous pathogens, such as plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes, secrete an arsenal
of effector molecules that modulate host innate immunity and enable parasitic infection. It is …

Highlights•Pathogens employ versatile effector catalogs to deregulate host
immunity.•Effectors are used by microbes throughout the symbiotic continuum.•Effectors …

Bacterial and eukaryotic plant pathogens deliver effector proteins into plant cells to promote
pathogenesis. Bacterial pathogens containing type III protein secretion systems are known …

Plant–microbe interactions have evolved over hundreds of millions of years, generating a
diversity of interactions covering a broad continuum from pathogenic to mutualistic …

Plant pathogenic oomycetes secrete a diverse repertoire of effector proteins that modulate
host innate immunity and enable parasitic infection. Understanding how effectors evolve …