The origin of marine invertebrate larvae has been an area of controversy in developmental
evolution for over a century. Here, we address the question of whether a pelagic “larval” or …

Larval forms are highly conserved in evolution, and phylogeneticists have used shared
larval features to link disparate phyla. Despite long‐term conservation, early development …

Preexisting developmental plasticity in feeding larvae may contribute to the evolutionary
transition from development with a feeding larva to nonfeeding larval development …

Abstract The Australian sea urchin Heliocidaris erythro-gramma utilizes a derived direct
developmental mode that evolved 8–12 million years ago. From a differential screen we …

Embryology and larval biology have been linked from the early years. Pioneering
embryologists were among the first to establish and populate marine biology field stations …

In recent years, larval biologists have turned to molecular biological techniques, such as
qRT-PCR, subtractive screens of cDNA libraries, and in situ hybridization, to explore the …

This study documents evolutionary modifications in mechanisms of gastrulation in
Heliocidaris erythrogramma, an echinoid with lecithotrophic larvae. Radially symmetrical cell …

The two modes of development in sea urchins are direct development, in which the adult
develops directly from the gastrula to the adult and does not feed, and indirect development …

Indirect development via a feeding pluteus larva represents the ancestral mode of sea
urchin development. However, some sea urchin species exhibit a derived form of …

The lineage and fate of each blastomere in the 32-cell embryo of the direct-developing sea
urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma have been traced by microinjection of …