The immune system is a very diverse system of the host that evolved during evolution to
cope with various pathogens present in the vicinity of environmental surroundings inhabited …

Toll receptor proteins in Drosophila are involved in establishing the dorsal-ventral axis in
embryogenesis as well as participating in the innate immune response to invading …

Toll‐like receptors (TLR), a family of evolutionarily conserved pathogen recognition
receptors, play pivotal role as primary sensors of invading pathogens. TLR identify …

Toll is a Drosophila gene essential for ontogenesis and antimicrobial resistance. Several
hortologues of Toll have been identified and cloned in vertebrates, namely Toll‐like …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) belong to the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) family, a key
component of the innate immune system. TLRs detect invading pathogens and initiate an …

Since first being described in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
have proven to be of great interest to immunologists and investigators interested in the …

Toll is the founder of a group of pattern recognition receptors, which play a critical role in the
innate immunity in Drosophila. At least 13 distinct Toll-like receptors (TLRs), recognising …

Drosophila Toll is involved not only in dorsoventral patterning of embryos but also in
immune responses to microbial infection. Several Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have also been …

Inflammation is set off when innate immune cells detect infection or tissue injury. Tight
control of the severity, duration, and location of inflammation is an absolute requirement for …

Since the identification of the first Toll-like receptor (TLR) in humans in 1997, understanding
of the molecular basis for innate immunity has increased significantly. The TLR family and …