Background With the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART), monitoring programme
performance is needed to maximize ART efficacy and limit HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) …

Abstract Background In rural Africa, data on virologic effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment
(ART) are not sufficient to assess the gap with the UNAIDS 90-90-90 treatment targets. We …

Background Virological response to antiretroviral treatment (ART) in rural Africa is poorly
described. We examined virological efficacy and emergence of drug resistance in adults …

Objectives Limited availability of viral load (VL) monitoring in HIV treatment programmes in
sub-Saharan Africa can delay switching to second-line ART, leading to the accumulation of …

Objectives Urban and rural HIV treatment programmes face different challenges in the long‐
term management of patients. There are few studies comparing drug resistance profiles in …

Background With widespread use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in Africa, one of the major
potential challenges is the risk of emergence of ARV drug‐resistant HIV strains. Our …

Objective To evaluate HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) and determinants of virological failure in
a large cohort of patients receiving first‐line tenofovir‐based antiretroviral therapy (ART) …

Objective To determine the frequency and patterns of acquired antiretroviral drug resistance
in a rural primary health care programme in South Africa. Design Cross-sectional study …

Background The ever-expanding rollout of antiretroviral therapy in poor resource settings
without routine virological monitoring has been accompanied with development of drug …

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of NRTI and NNRTI drug resistance mutations in
patients failing NNRTI-based ART in Southern Africa. Study design: We conducted a …