Background We describe the accumulation of HIV-1 drug resistance and its effect on the
activity of next-line components in patients with virological failure (HIV-1 RNA> 1000 …

Objectives We implemented the WHO cross-sectional survey protocol to determine rates of
HIV viral load (VL) suppression (VLS), and weighted prevalence, predictors and patterns of …

Introduction Access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) becomes more and more effective in
resource‐limited settings (RLS). However, this global effort would be even more profitable if …

Background There are few data on the epidemiology of primary HIV-1 drug resistance after
the roll-out of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to assess the …

Objectives To analyze the patterns and risk factors of HIV drug resistance mutations among
patients failing second-line treatment and to describe early treatment responses to …

Background The emergence of complex HIV-1 drug resistance mutations has been linked to
the duration of time patients are on a failing antiretroviral drug regimen. This study reports on …

Objectives South Africa's national antiretroviral (ARV) treatment program expanded in 2010
to include the nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (NRTI) tenofovir (TDF) for …

This study was conducted among individuals taking first-line antiretroviral treatment (ART)
for at least 12 months under programme conditions in Maputo, Mozambique in order to …

Background Approximately 30,000 non-citizens are living with HIV in Botswana, all of whom
as of 2020 are eligible to receive free antiretroviral treatment (ART) within the country. We …

Objectives There are few data on ART failure rates and drug resistance from Tanzania,
where there is a wide diversity of non-B HIV subtypes. We assessed rates and predictors of …