Objective: To assess the mutational patterns and factors associated with baseline drug-
resistant HIV-1 present at initiation of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) at 3 sites in …

Background Introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa was a hot
debate due to many concerns about adherence, logistics and resistance. Currently, it has …

Background HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) testing was included in the 2017 South African
national HIV household survey. We describe the prevalence of HIVDR by drug class, age …

Background We investigated the prevalence of wild-type virus (no major drug resistance)
and drug resistance mutations at second-line antiretroviral treatment (ART) failure in a large …

We sought to determine the pattern of resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) among HIV-1-
infected children failing first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) and ascertain their response to …

Objectives We describe the outcomes of second-line drug resistance profiles and predict the
efficacy of drugs for third-line therapy in patients monitored without the benefit of plasma HIV …

Abstract Background South Africa has the largest public antiretroviral therapy (ART)
programme in the world. We assessed temporal trends in pretreatment HIV-1 drug …

Background Antiretroviral treatment has played a pivotal role in the reduction of HIV/AIDS-
related morbidity and mortality. However, treatment options can be impaired by the …

Abstract Background Drug resistance mutations (DRMs) increasingly jeopardize paediatric
HIV programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. As individual monitoring of DRMs and viral loads …

Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up in sub-Saharan Africa combined with
weak routine virological monitoring has driven increasing HIV drug resistance. We …