During infection, plant pathogens secrete effector proteins to facilitate colonization. In
comparison with our knowledge of bacterial effectors, the current understanding of how …

Rust fungi are plant pathogens that secrete an arsenal of effector proteins interfering with
plant functions and promoting parasitic infection. Effectors are often species-specific, evolve …

Rust fungi are devastating crop pathogens that deliver effector proteins into infected tissues
to modulate plant functions and promote parasitic growth. The genome of the poplar leaf rust …

Rust and powdery mildew fungi are widespread obligate biotrophic phytopathogens. They
colonize a broad range monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous host plant species and in …

Rust fungi, obligate biotrophs that cause disease and yield losses in crops such as cereals
and soybean (Glycine max), obtain nutrients from the host through haustoria, which are …

Background Powdery mildew and rust fungi are widespread, serious pathogens that depend
on developing haustoria in the living plant cells. Haustoria are separated from the host …

Fungal and oomycete pathogens cause some of the most devastating diseases in crop
plants, and facilitate infection by delivering a large number of effector molecules into the …

Melampsora larici-populina (Mlp), the causal agent of Populus leaf rust, secretes an array of
effectors into the host through the haustorium to gain nutrients and suppress immunity. The …

Rust fungi include many species that are devastating crop pathogens. To develop resistant
plants, a better understanding of rust virulence factors, or effector proteins, is needed. Thus …

Large numbers of candidate effectors from fungal pathogens are being identified through
whole-genome sequencing and in planta expression studies. Although Agrobacterium …