Alcoholism (alcohol dependence) is characterized by a compulsion to seek and ingest
alcohol (ethanol), loss of control over intake, and the emergence of a negative emotional …

Rationale A major issue in the addiction field is the limited number of animal models of the
voluntary induction and maintenance of alcohol dependence in outbred rats. Objectives To …

This review discusses efforts to develop rodent models for the study of neurobiological
mechanisms underlying chronic alcohol drinking, alcoholism, and abnormal alcohol-seeking …

While rats have been predominantly used to study operant ethanol self-administration
behavior in the context of dependence, several studies have employed operant conditioning …

Background: The development of dependence may have significant motivational
consequences regarding continued use and abuse of ethanol. We have developed a mouse …

Highlights•Disruption of HPA axis leads to reward system hypofunction in alcohol
dependence.•Extrahypothalamic stress systems are sensitized in alcohol dependence.•Loss …

Alcohol withdrawal symptoms, particularly negative emotional states, can persist for months
following the removal of alcohol. These protracted withdrawal symptoms have been …

Alcohol addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disease characterized by an impaired ability to
stop or control alcohol use despite adverse consequences. A main challenge of addiction …

Alcohol dependence continues to be an important health concern and animal models are
critical to furthering our understanding of this complex disease. A hallmark feature of …

Studies in animal models have shown that repeated episodes of alcohol dependence and
withdrawal promote escalation of drinking that is presumably associated with alterations in …