Abstract Background Serum chloride (Cl) levels confer better prognostic value than serum
sodium (Na) levels among patients with heart failure. Little is known about the relationship …

Background Electrolyte abnormalities, particularly dysnatremia, are independent predictors
of adverse outcome in individuals with and without renal failure. However, the association of …

Aims Hyponatraemia is strongly associated with adverse outcomes in heart failure.
However, accumulating evidence suggests that chloride may play an important role in renal …

Background Low serum chloride is common in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and
is associated with worse outcomes. We investigated the clinical and prognostic associations …

Background Serum chloride concentrations have clinical significance in the prognosis of
heart failure (HF). Little is known regarding the prognostic value of serum chloride in patients …

Background Limited data suggest serum chloride levels associate with mortality in heart
failure, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Randomized …

Background—The aim of this analysis was to determine the long-term prognostic value of
lower serum chloride in patients with stable chronic heart failure. Electrolyte abnormalities …

Low serum sodium concentration has long been recognized as an established marker of
short-and long-term morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure (HF), and is …

Background: Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) can be complicated by electrolyte
abnormalities, but the major focus has been concentrated on the clinical significance of …

Aims Despite recent advances in guideline‐directed therapy, rehospitalization rates for
acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) remain high. Recently published studies …