Introduction The earliest lesion in the kidneys of idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formers is
deposition of calcium phosphate in the interstitium, termed a Randall's plaque. Yet the …

Background: Renal tubular fluid in the distal nephron is supersaturated with calcium and
oxalate ions that nucleate to form crystals of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), the most …

The pathogenesis of calcium-oxalate (CaOx) renal stones is still debated and a number of
issues needs to be clarified. In particular, it is difficult to combine the intraluminal physical …

Retention of stone crystallites by urothelium is clearly one of the prime requisites for urinary
stone disease. Studies in the literature as early as 1937 have highlighted that the initiation of …

Kidney stones develop attached to sub-epithelial plaques of calcium phosphate (CaP)
crystals (termed Randall's plaque) and/or form as a result of occlusion of the openings of the …

Renal tubular fluid in the distal nephron is supersaturated favoring nucleation of the most
common crystals in renal stones, which are composed of calcium oxalate and calcium …

There are two basic pathways for formation of calcium based kidney stones. Most idiopathic
calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones are formed in association with sub-epithelial plaques of …

Handling of urinary crystals by renal epithelial and medullary interstitial cells may play an
important role in the pathogenesis of renal stones and associated renal scarring. We …

The interaction between renal epithelial cells and calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals and/or
oxalate ions plays a critical role in the formation of urinary stones. Epithelial cells respond to …

While the physical chemistry of stone formation has been intensively studied during the last
decade, it has become clear that the pathophysiology of renal stone disease cannot be …