Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognise highly conserved molecular structures, collectively
known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In the past two decades, development …

Roles for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are emerging in conditions such as sepsis syndrome,
systemic lupus erythromatosis, rheumatoid arthritis and asthma, suggesting that the …

The family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is receiving considerable attention as potential
regulators and controllers of the immune response through their ability to recognize …

Innate responses to microbes are mediated in large part by toll-like receptors (TLRs), which
recognise a diverse range of molecules produced by viruses, bacteria and fungi. Great effort …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in host defence and inflammation. Given that a
significant amount of evidence implicates TLRs in the pathogenesis of immune diseases …

Innate immune cells have a critical role in defense against infection and disease. Central to
this is the broad specificity with which they can detect pathogen‐associated patterns and …

Introduction: The immune response is mediated via two parallel immune components, innate
and adaptive, whose effector functions are highly integrated and coordinated for the …

Since the discovery of human TLRs, manipulating the activity of these receptors to modulate
immune responses for therapeutic purposes has initiated intense activity in the …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are sensors of foreign microbial products, which initiate host
defense responses in all multicellular organisms examined to date. They are the target for …

Upon microbial infection, a host has to mount a multiplicity of immune responses that target
the invading pathogen. This is achieved in part by the use of particular receptors expressed …