Characterization of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family and associated signalling pathways
provides a key molecular basis for our understanding of the relationship between exposure …

Toll‐like receptors (TLR), a family of evolutionarily conserved pathogen recognition
receptors, play pivotal role as primary sensors of invading pathogens. TLR identify …

There is a growing interest in the targeting of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) for the prevention
and treatment of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and systemic …

Toll-like receptors play a vital role in cell-mediated immunity, which is crucial for the immune
system's defense against pathogens and maintenance of homeostasis. The interaction …

Membrane-bound Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are frontline guardians in the mammalian
innate immune system. They primarily function to recognize pathogen-associated molecular …

Macrophages and dendritic cells are in the front line of host defense. When they sense host
invasion, they produce cytokines that alert other innate immune cells and also abet the …

Members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family play key roles in both innate and adaptive
immune responses. TLR proteins enable host to recognize a large number of pathogen …

Toll-like receptors (TLR) and their ligands are one of the main players in the initiation of
innate immunity which precedes, and is required, for the establishment of adaptive immunity …

Toll‐like receptors (TLR s) sense structural patterns in microbial molecules and initiate
immune defense mechanisms. The structures of many extracellular and intracellular …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns originating from
invading microorganisms and initiate innate immune responses. Recent structural studies of …