We investigated possible biochemical pathways explaining extreme ammonia tolerance by
the gulf toadfish and specifically tested the prediction that the gulf toadfish Opsanus beta is …

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed for up to 4 days to 100, 300 and 500
μM ammonia and 0, 300 and 600 μM nitrite. Each ammonia concentration was combined …

Seabream and turbot juveniles (40–520 g) were exposed to constant exogenous NH3-N
concentrations (1.27–4.27 mmol/l; pH, 8.15). In 96 hr acclimated fish, plasma TA-N (total …

Using a continuous-flow method a total of 14 acute toxicity bioassays were conducted using
seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), seabream (Spams aurata) and turbot (Scophthalmus …

Glutamine synthetase (GSase), the enzyme that catalyses the conversion of glutamate and
ammonia to glutamine, is present at high levels in vertebrate brain tissue and is thought to …

Most tropical fishes are ammonotelic, producing ammonia and excreting it as NH3 by
diffusion across the branchial epithelia. Hence, those air-breathing tropical fishes that …

ABSTRACT Adult brown trout (300–600 g) were acclimated for 2 weeks to an artificial soft
water (Ca2+, 50 μ mol l− 1) and maintained at either 5° C (October to March) or 15° C (May …

Publisher Summary Ammonia is mainly produced in fish through catabolism of amino acids.
Ingested proteins are hydrolyzed producing amino acids, the catabolism of which leads to …

The swamp eel Monopterus albus lives in muddy ponds, swamps, canals, and rice fields in
the tropics. It encounters high concentrations of environmental ammonia (HEA) during dry …

With the development of air‐breathing capabilities, some fishes can emerge from water,
make excursions onto land or even burrow into mud during droughts. Air‐breathing fishes …