Three fish species of the family Batrachoididae, the gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta), the oyster
toadfish (Opsanus tau), and the plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus) demonstrated …

The physiological responses of rainbow trout were followed during 48 h of high pH (pH 9.5)
exposure and a further 48 h of recovery at pH 8.0. High pH exposure temporarily inhibited …

The objective of this study was to determine the underlying physiological and molecular
responses to long-term sublethal ammonia exposure in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr …

Juvenile shrimp were individually exposed during 24 h to 0.007 (control), 0.36, 1.07, and
2.14 mmol/l total ammonia-N at 28° C and 39 ppt salinity. After 22 h of ammonia-N exposure …

This study aimed to elucidate whether exposure to a sublethal concentration (8mmoll− 1) of
NH4Cl (pH 7.0) for 12 or 48h would induce oxidative stress in gills and brain of the …

The weather loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus inhabits rice fields that experience drought in
summer and ammonia loading during agricultural fertilisation. Exposure of specimens to …

Present fresh water ammonia standards have been established using data collected from
toxicity tests on unfed fish. Ammonia, however, is an unusual toxicant as it is produced as a …

This study aimed to determine how the African lungfish Protopterus aethiopicus defended
against ammonia toxicity when confronted with high concentrations (30 or 100mmoll− 1) of …

Buildups of ammonia can cause potentially fatal brain swelling in mammals, but such
swelling is reversible in the anoxia-and ammonia-tolerant goldfish (Carassius auratus). We …

This study aimed to elucidate the physiological effects of high environmental ammonia
(HEA) following periods of feeding (2% body weight) and starvation (unfed for 7 days prior to …