Ammonia criteria are established using data from standardized toxicity tests involving
healthy animals. Both intrinsic and extrinsic environmental changes affect the immune …

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) postsmolts weighing about 300 g were exposed to two
replicates of six ammonia levels in running seawater at 4–9° C, 34–35‰ salinity, pH 7.7–7.8 …

Goldfish specimens were exposed for 24–48 hr to 20, 40, 600, and 2500 μg N/liter unionized
ammonia (UIA). This treatment causes, in the brain, increases in total ammonia, glutamine …

Ammonia in Aquatic Systems1 Page 1 FA16 https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fa031-2022
Ammonia in Aquatic Systems1 Ruth Francis-Floyd, Craig Watson, Denise Petty, and Deborah …

Although the number of fish species that have been studied for both hypoxia/anoxia
tolerance and ammonia tolerance are few, there appears to be a correlation between the …

The 96-h median lethal concentration of un-ionized ammonia-nitrogen for fingerling white
bass Morone chrysops (mean weight±SD, 4.4±1.42 g) at 19.7±0.4° C was 0.63±0.17 mg/L in …

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)(369±70 g) were exposed to nominal water ammonia levels
of 0.5 (control), 3, 22, 40, 112 and 255 μg/l NH3-N (0.05–25.3 mg/l TA-N; total ammonia-N) …

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding on the excretory nitrogen
(N) metabolism of the giant mudskipper, Periophthalmodon schlosseri, with special …

The acute toxicity of un-ionized ammonia to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), bluegill
(Lepomis macrochirus), and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) was determined under …

The African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus lives in freshwater, is an obligatory air-
breather, and can survive on land during drought. The objective of this study was to …