Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a family of oxygen molecules with an unpaired electron
and play an important role in homeostasis and pathogenesis. The reactive molecules modify …

It is generally acknowledged that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play crucial roles in a
variety of natural processes in cells. If increased to levels which cannot be neutralized by the …

HIV infection affects various parts of the immune system, including the CD4+ lymphocytes
and mononuclear phagocytes, and causes a progressive immunodeficiency. This renders …

A continue loss of CD4+ T lymphocytes, immune response dysfunction and chronic immune
activation (IA) are hallmarks of untreated chronic HIV-1 infection. ROS and the subsequent …

Background: in response to a variety of stimuli, phagocytes release large quantities of
reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are essential for bacterial killing. However, excessive …

The purpose of this review is to analyze the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the
pathogenesis of viral infections, an area of research that has recently gained momentum …

Oxidative stress is a condition characterized by the imbalance between the production of
reactive species (RS) or free radicals and their neutralization by the antioxidant defenses …

Several biological processes as well as infectious agents, physiological or environmental
stress, and perturbed antioxidant response can promote oxidative stress. Oxidative stress …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by‐products of cellular metabolism and can be either
beneficial, at low levels, or deleterious, at high levels, to the cell. It is known that several viral …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are deadly weapons used by phagocytes and other cell
types, such as lung epithelial cells, against pathogens. ROS can kill pathogens directly by …