The purpose of the present review is to correlate recent knowledge of the role of peripheral
ionotropic glutamate receptors in the temporomandibular joint and muscle pain from animal …

Temporomandibular joint disorder is a common chronic craniofacial pain condition, often
involving persistent, widespread craniofacial muscle pain. Although the etiology of chronic …

Animal studies have suggested that tissue injury–related increased levels of glutamate may
be involved in peripheral nociceptive mechanisms in deep craniofacial tissues. Indeed …

Recent studies have hypothesized that peripheral glutamate receptors could be implicated
in deep craniofacial pain conditions. In this study 18 temporomandibular joint (TMJ) …

Injection of glutamate into the rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) capsule can reflexly induce
a prolonged increase in the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the jaw muscles, however …

Pain in myofascial temporomandibular disorder (TMD) can affect both the masseter and
temporalis muscles. Glutamate injection into the masseter muscle evokes pain that is greater …

Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. In the
periphery, glutamate acts as a transmitter and involves in the signaling and processing of …

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the interaction between glutamate and
capsaicin-evoked muscle pain on human jaw motor functions. METHODS: Fifteen male …

In the trigeminal ganglion (TG), satellite glial cells (SGCs) form a functional unit with
neurons. It has been proposed that SGCs participate in regulating extracellular glutamate …

Peripheral N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are found in deep tissues and may play
a role in deep tissue pain. Injection of the endogenous NMDA receptor agonist glutamate …