ABSTRACT Introduction: Approximately, 30.4–66.0% of cutaneous melanomas possess a
mutation in the BRAF gene that activates downstream signaling through the mitogen …

Oncogenic BRAF kinase deregulates the ERK signaling pathway in a large number of
human tumors. FDA-approved BRAF inhibitors for BRAFV600E/K tumors have provided …

The role of BRAF in tumor initiation has been established, however, the precise mechanism
of autoinhibition has only been illustrated recently by several structural studies. These …

The protein kinase BRAF, a component of the RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein
kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK)/ERK signaling pathway …

Gene mutations can induce cellular alteration and malignant transformation. Development of
many types of cancer is associated with mutations in the B-raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) gene …

Simple Summary In this literature review, we explore the milestone events from the
discovery of BRAF mutations to present-day clinical intervention strategies. We delve into …

The mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays a significant role in
mediating cellular physiological activities, such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis …

Melanoma is a highly metastatic and lethal form of skin cancer. The protein kinase BRAF is
mutated in about 40% of melanomas, and BRAF inhibitors improve progression-free and …

Abstract The Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signal transduction cascade is arguably the most important
oncogenic pathway in human cancers. Ras-GTP promotes the formation of active …

The successful translation of therapies targeting signal‐transduction pathways that are
activated by oncogenes has provided a model for molecularly targeted therapy, and the …