The discovery of activating mutations in the serine/threonine (S/T) kinase BRAF followed by
a wave of follow-up research manifested that the MAPK-pathway plays a critical role in …

Activating BRAF kinase mutations arise in∼ 7% of all human tumors, and preclinical studies
have validated the RAF–mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase …

Serine/threonine-protein kinase BRAF, a downstream effector of the RAS oncogene along
the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, has emerged as an important biological marker for …

The discovery that the somatic activating missense mutation T1796A, leading to the
substitution of glutamate to valine (V600E—previously known as V599E1) in the kinase …

An effective treatment for metastatic melanoma remains one of the most elusive goals in all
of oncology. Several generations of therapeutic trials have yet to yield any agents that can …

Melanomas represent only 4% of all skin cancers, but their mortality rate is more than 50% of
any other skin cancer. Alteration in genetic and environmental factors are the risk factors for …

Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and its incidence has
increased dramatically in the last two decades. Even with a high rate of success in the …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway has an important role in normal cells and
can be activated under physiological conditions. MAPK pathway activation is a fundamental …

BRAF somatic mutations are frequently found in primary and metastatic melanomas and
melanocytic naevi. Commonly found BRAF mutants stimulate constitutive RAF/MEK …

Abstract Purpose of Review This report highlights several of the recent therapeutic
advancements in the treatment of BRAF-mutant tumors, discusses the most common …