B cells responding to T-dependent antigen either differentiate rapidly into extrafollicular
plasma cells or enter germinal centers and undergo somatic hypermutation and affinity …

To optimize the initial wave of Ab production against T-dependent Ags, primary B cell clones
with the highest Ag affinity are selected to generate the largest extrafollicular plasmablast …

A hallmark of T cell–dependent immune responses is the progressive increase in the ability
of serum antibodies to bind antigen and provide immune protection. Affinity maturation of the …

Plasma cells (PCs) derived from germinal centers (GCs) secrete the high-affinity antibodies
required for long-term serological immunity. Nevertheless, the process whereby GC B cells …

Three possible effector fates await the naïve follicular B cell following antigen stimulation in
thymus-dependent reactions. Short-lived plasma cells produce an initial burst of germline …

Antigen receptor-mediated signaling is critical for the development and survival of B cells.
However, it has not been established whether B cell development requires a signal from self …

Affinity maturation of B cells in germinal centers (GCs) is a process of evolution, involving
random mutation of immunoglobulin genes followed by natural selection by T cells. Only B …

Germinal centers (GC) are the main sites where antigen‐activated B‐cell clones expand and
undergo immunoglobulin gene hypermutation and selection. Iterations of this process will …

Productive immune responses to T‐cell‐dependent antigens ultimately generate two long‐
lived compartments: memory B cells and bone marrow‐resident plasma cells, which both …

The germinal center reaction is the foundation of T-cell-dependent humoral responses.
Antigen-specific B cells recruited into germinal centers undergo a complex cellular program …