During evolution, plants have developed mechanisms to cope with and adapt to different
types of stress, including microbial infection. Once the stress is sensed, signaling pathways …

Bryophytes, including mosses, liverworts and hornworts are early land plants that have
evolved key adaptation mechanisms to cope with abiotic stresses and microorganisms …

The moss Physcomitrella patens has a great potential as a model system to perform
functional studies of plant interacting with microbial pathogens. P. patens is susceptible to …

Key message Evolutionary conserved defense mechanisms present in extant bryophytes
and angiosperms, as well as moss-specific defenses are part of the immune response of …

Plants under natural environment facing various pathogens, tend to produce defense to
maintain their fitness and minimize pathogenic damage. Plant-pathogens interaction is …

In agro-ecosystem, plant pathogens hamper food quality, crop yield, and global food
security. Manipulation of naturally occurring defense mechanisms in host plants is an …

Plants have been interacting with insects for several hundred million years, leading to
complex defense approaches against various insect feeding strategies. Some defenses are …

Pathogen attack has been one of the chief constrains that reduce crop productivity
worldwide. Plants have established sophisticated mechanisms to counter and acclimatize …

Transcription factors control gene expression, leading to regulation of biological processes
that determine plant development and adaptation to the environment. Land colonization by …

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), microbe-associated molecular patterns
(MAMPs), herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs), and damage-associated …