To overcome the attack of invading pathogens, a plant's defence system relies on preformed
and induced responses. The induced responses are activated following detection of a …

Plants possess constitutive defense system, involving physical and chemical factors present
in plants prior to the pathogen attack, as well as inducible defense systems which restricts …

Plant diseases caused by fungi are one of the major threats to global food security and
understanding the interactions between fungi and plants is of great significance for plant …

Plants, being sessile throughout their life cycle, are vulnerable to various kinds of abiotic and
biotic stress conditions. They have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to detect precise …

The analysis of plant–pathogen interactions is a rapidly moving research field and one that
is very important for productive agricultural systems. The focus of this review is on the …

Plant growth and development is often challenged by several abiotic and biotic stresses,
such as drought, cold, salinity, wounding, heavy metals, and pathogen attacks, respectively …

In their environment, plants are exposed to a multitude of abiotic and biotic stresses that
differ in intensity, duration and severity. As sessile organisms, they cannot escape these …

Climate change has led to an increased number of abiotic and biotic stresses, and the plants
experience these stresses simultaneously. Abiotic stresses like drought, heat, and salinity …

Plants are constantly confronted to both abiotic and biotic stresses that seriously reduce their
productivity. Plant responses to these stresses are complex and involve numerous …

Proteins are diverse class of organic molecules that are structural and functional unit of the
cell. The most important role of proteins is the defense against foreign molecules and …