Methods: In this study, we investigated the mechanism of action of non-invasive SNM using
TAMS on our established spinal cord injury (SCI) animal model. We demonstrated that …

Purpose: Chronic stimulation of the sacral nerves has now become one of the most
accepted stimulation therapies for functional lower urinary tract symptoms refractory to …

Objectives To review the technique, indications, results and working mechanisms of sacral
neuromodulation (SNM) for lower urinary tract dysfunction. Methods The available literature …

Introduction Sacral neuromodulation has been considered as an effective treatment option
for various types of chronic voiding dysfunction, but the mechanism of action has not been …

Background: Compared to conventional therapies, sacral neuromodulation (SNM) may offer
an alternative, non-destructive treatment for SCI patients with bladder dysfunction …

Although the mechanism of action of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is still not fully
elucidated, it seems to involve modulation of spinal cord reflexes and brain networks by …

The refractory overactive bladder represents one of the most challenging problems in
urology. Current treatments for patients who have refractory overactive bladder or patients …

Background Neurogenic bladder associated with spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in
serious disruption of lower urinary tract function. Compared to conventional therapies, sacral …

Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) has become a standard treatment option for patients
suffering from urinary urge incontinence, urgency-frequency, and/or nonobstructive urinary …

Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a clinically effective intervention for treatment of urinary
and bowel disorders. The aim is to establish the hypothesis that there is a common …