Conventional lymphography has long been the method of choice for imaging the lymphatic
system. However, the number of lymphographic studies performed in oncology centers has …

Lymph nodes are involved in a wide variety of diseases, particularly in cancer. In the latter,
precise nodal staging is essential to guide therapeutic options and to determine prognosis …

Conventional oil-contrast lymphography has long been the mainstay for lymphatic imaging.
However, the emergence of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) …

The lymphatic system is a complex network of lymph vessels, lymphatic organs and lymph
nodes. Traditionally, imaging of the lymphatic system has been based on conventional …

Techniques for lymphatic imaging are aiming at accurate, simple and minimal-invasive
approaches with less side-effects and repetitive application. Limitations are emerging in …

The lymphatic system plays an important role in immune regulation, transport of metabolites,
and fluid balance. The key circulatory role of the lymphatic system is to transport fluid from …

Recent development of new lymphatic imaging and intervention techniques, such as
intranodal lymphangiogram, dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance …

Visualization of the lymphatic system is clinically necessary during diagnosis or treatment of
many conditions and diseases; it is used for identifying and monitoring lymphedema, for …

Lymphangiography, as a diagnostic method, has been used for many years on a limited
scale for the evaluation of lymphatic channels in lymphedema and related diseases (6–13) …

A comprehensive lymphatic system is indispensable for a well‐functioning body; it is integral
to the immune system and is also interrelated with the digestive system and fluid …