Cancer treatment has been deeply changed by immunotherapy, achieving unprecedented
improvement in overall and progression-free survival in several advanced and metastatic …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4
(CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) proteins transformed the management of …

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors gut microbiome, which plays a crucial role in
preserving homeostasis at the intestinal host‐microbial interface. Conversely, specific gut …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem, which includes many different
types of cells, abnormal vascular systems, and immunosuppressive cytokines. TME serves …

Microbiome is becoming crucial in that the balance between human health and disease can
be mediated by the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome can modulate the host immune …

Immunotherapy is one of the fastest developing areas in the field of oncology. Many
immunological treatment strategies for refractory tumors have been approved and marketed …

The gut microbiota have long been recognized to play a key role in human health and
disease. Currently, several lines of evidence from preclinical to clinical research have …

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the largest immune organ and maintains systemic immune
homeostasis in the presence of bacterial challenge. Immune elimination and immune …

Gut microbiome has received significant attention for its influences on a variety of host
functions, especially immune modulation. With the next‐generation sequencing …

Gut microbiome has been increasingly recognized for its influence on a diverse array of
human diseases including cancer, and may also influence the outcome of cancer therapies …