We review recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of insect immune
defence, but do so in a framework defined by the ecological and evolutionary forces that …

Insect herbivores simultaneously experience bottom‐up effects of plant defensive chemistry
and the top‐down effects of natural enemies. At the intersection of these effects are …

The field of insect immunity has made enormous progress in describing the basic molecular
mechanisms of the immune response to microbes. This work not only told us how insects …

Organisms have constant contact with potentially harmful agents that can compromise their
fitness. However, most of the times these agents fail to cause serious disease by virtue of the …

The insect immune response strategy has generally been considered bipolar: either
resistance or death. Lately, a much broader and subtler landscape has emerged …

When animals are faced with a life-threatening challenge, they mount an organism-wide
response (ie Plan A). For example, both the stress response (ie fight-or-flight) and the …

Organisms are expected to invest more in their immune function when the risk of disease
infection is high. However, induction of a robust immune response is costly and may not be …

Parasites and pathogens are ubiquitous and act as an important selection pressure on
animals. Here, drawing primarily on our own research, mostly on insects, we illustrate how …

There is accumulating evidence that insect populations globally are experiencing alarming
declines. The combination of factors cumulatively exacerbating global insect declines has …

Why are some individuals better at defending themselves against disease compared with
others? Research centering on why there is immunological variation between individuals …