Conclusions It is necessary to consider the diagnosis of carotid-cavernous fistulas in
patients complaining of acute alterations of ocular motility, headache and/or other ocular …

Introduction Carotid-cavernous fistulae are rare and affect visual prognosis. Their clinical
presentation is varied and delayed diagnosis is common. They require rapid neuro-radio …

Opinion statement The treatment of a carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) depends on the
severity of the clinical symptoms, its angiographic characteristics, and the risk it presents for …

The management of carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) depends on their physiopathology.
The classification into traumatic and spontaneous CCFs is usually considered obsolete; it is …

Objective Carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are pathologic arteriovenous shunts between
the carotid artery and cavernous sinus. The resulting venous congestion within the …

Purpose We evaluated carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) cases which were treated with
various vascular routes and different embolization agents. Our aim was to present …

Abnormal communications between the carotidal artery and the cavernous sinus are known
as carotid-cavernous fistulas. We can however distinguish between these fistulas two …

Even though in clinical practice carotid cavernous fistulas (CCF) are not a frequent
pathology, it should be a diagnostic hypothesis in face of a suggestive clinical presentation …

The diagnosis and treatment of carotid cavernous fistulas (CCF) is an interdisciplinary
challenge for both ophthalmologists and interventional neuroradiologists. According to the …

Direct carotid-cavernous fistula is an abnormal arteriovenous communication between the
carotid artery and the cavernous sinus occurring spontaneously or following head trauma …